Stalin A Machiavellian Prince - 1941 Words

Stalin: A Machiavellian Prince Victoria McAlister Professor Innes Enlightenment and Liberal Democracy 1 October 2015 How does a leader gain and maintain the love of his people when he is killing them in mass numbers? Joseph Stalin was successful in this by following the political tactic of using fear to gain love. A tactic that was highly valued by Nicolo Machiavelli in his work The Prince. â€Å"In Arthur Koestler’s Darkness at Noon, the main character, and Old Bolshevik, Nikolaiz Rubashov, declares that â€Å"Number one† (Stalin) kept Machiavelli’s The Prince as his favorite night-table book† (Tisemanean). Stalin’s strategy of leadership can be closely compared to the strategies that Machiavelli describes in The Prince. A work that received much controversy over the lessons it preached to political leaders. It coined the phrase â€Å"the end justify the means† which follows as a consequence of considering vice a virtue. Stalin used many vices to gain and maintain his state till the day he died. Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn work, The First Circle, showcased how even on death’s door Stalin still used traits treasured in a Machiavellian prince. This paper will assess how Stalin follows Machiavelli’s guidelines for a prince in the areas of war, fear, crime, and in dealing with the people. An absolute that Machiavelli states for a prince is that they, â€Å"ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything else for his study, than war and its rules and disciplines† (88).Show MoreRelatedThe Prince by Machiavelli1057 Words   |  5 Pageswrote the book The Prince to give politicians a basis on how to rule a nation and as a way to continue to make a statement in Florence’s politics. The book itself was unlike the regular â€Å"mirrors for princes†, in a sense that instead of telling the prince how to be morally sound it told him how to be effective as a ruler. Within the book there were three characteristics that were expressed that can be considered of high importance for every prince/ruler. These th ree were every prince should rather beRead MoreMachiavelli’s The Prince: Examples of Machiavellian Leaders Essay2048 Words   |  9 PagesArguably, the most Machiavellian leader to ever exist would be Joseph Stalin. He abided by three major Machiavellian methods that were stated in the Prince: the ends justifies the means, crush any opposition, and displaying a false character. Stalin had a plan for Russia and did everything in his power to achieve that plan. He wanted to transform Russia into a industrial superpower, a military superpower, and a political superpower. To achieve his goals he committed many horrible crimes againstRead MorePolitical And Political Ethics Of A Democratic Society2074 Words   |  9 Pagesethical change in a society in his book, â€Å"The Prince†. He creates a fictional Prince with the lofty mission of uniting the warring city states of Italy. Machiavelli uses the book to set out a detailed set of instructions dedicated to teaching this P rince how to obtain the necessary power to fix Italy. He permits the prince to engage in ethically questionable acts, including violence and corruption to achieve his goal. For example, he advises the Prince that the only way to ensure necessary power whenRead MoreMachiavelli s The Prince 850 Words   |  4 Pagesprosperous of societies. Machiavelli s novel The Prince was the first stab at understanding this human tendency of what is now known as Machiavellian. Machiavelli grasped the sad reality of our world and did not fall prey to other s idealistic propaganda. Great leaders understand what the endless potential they hold, they can manipulate their followers to make best of what is possible and above all they understand sacrifice. Modern day Machiavellians and successful leaders think realistically andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli in The Prince. In this book Machiavelli outlines the characteristics of a successful lead er. When using The Prince as a lens to read Julius Caesar, the correlation between a leader’s Machiavellianism and their success becomes very apparent. Marcus Brutus is undoubtedly an honorable and respectable man, but his morality prevents him from adhering to Machiavelli’s principles. Due to his lack of princely virtues, Brutus is doomed to fail, while Antony, a much more Machiavellian prince, successfullyRead MoreAssessment of a Statement Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause the end was to purify the human race. Stalin could justify his slaughter of millions because he was trying to achieve a communist utopia. The end never justifies the means. The means must justify themselves. A particular act cannot be judged as good simply because it may lead to a good consequence. The means must be judged by an objective and consistent standard of morality. In the Machiavellian paradigm, the prince acts with a view to his own gain. He is advisedRead MoreThe Ideas Of Machiavelli And Socrates1988 Words   |  8 Pagesleaders around the world. From Stalin to the founding fathers of the United States, Machiavellian influenced motives and ideals can be seen throughout modern history. Socrates is often referred to as the founder of Western philosophy, and his teachings have been passed on to leaders over the centuries. This paper will state both the Machiavelli’s concept of a ‘Prince’, and present Socrates’ perspective on the ‘ideal’ prince. It will then evaluate Machiavelli’s concept of prince from Socrates’ perspectiveRead MoreThe Best Paper Evvver1898 Words   |  8 PagesGlobal: Summer Reading Notes The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli 1) Why did Machiavelli write The Prince? Machiavelli wrote The Prince because he wanted to impress Lorenzo de Medici, who was the current ruler, and prove that he was knowledgeable and a useful advisor to him. He also wrote it as a mirror for Princes to read and understand how to be effective in power. 2) Name three recurring themes in The Prince? 1) One recurring theme in The Prince was that successful war is the foundationRead MoreBooks That Continue To Thrive Centuries After Their Initial1578 Words   |  7 Pagesextensively. With his experience in politics and desire for a unified Italy, Machiavelli decided to reach out to Lorenzo de’ Medici, the governor of Florence, in the form of The Prince. In his dedication before the start of the treatise, Machiavelli observes that the way people perceive a ruler is immensely different from the way a prince perceives himself, but that both perspectives are important. Therefore, he strives to give Medici insight into the way his people perceive him, and how that might affectRead MoreIs It Better to Be Loved or Feared as a Leader?1774 Words   |  7 Pagesimprisoned and despised after going against the new ruler of Florence, Lorenzo de Minci. In a desperate attempt at making amends with Lorenzo, Machiavelli wrote a book that outlined how to be a successful ruler in the 16th century. In his book called The Prince, he explains how to maintain power as a leader and maintain control over all of their subjects. Despite the fact that this book was written over 25 centuries ago in a time of violence and corruption, it still remains as a guide for leaders even in

Climate Change and the Bottlenose Dolphins - 1289 Words

Our delicate eco-system is struggling to maintain it’s complex equilibrium. The precarious state of our oceans are largely attributed to the climate changes that are on going throughout earth. Along with consistently rising global temperatures come many devastating consequences. Our atmosphere is not the only aspect of our environment that is heating. Global warming is melting polar ice caps, raising water levels in our oceans, and releasing carbon that has been trapped in ice for thousands of years. The warmer air temperature is heating the surface waters of the ocean and creating more frequent and more powerful storms. These warmer surface waters are being pushed under in the ocean conveyor belt and the overall affect is a rise in overall ocean water temperatures. Climate change has been estimated to effect 88% of cetaceans and endangering nearly 21%. More specifically, each of these changes have harmful, potentially deadly and lasting effects on Bottlenose Dolphins. Ul timately causing dangerous and toxic conditions leading to an increase of dolphin strandings and death. During the 1990s scientist were able to collect 5,000 different salinity profiles. From their findings they were able to estimate a 20 percent increase in freshwater. Due to this increase there was a rise of fresh water by 8,400 cubic kilometer, which can be compared to the volume of fresh water and ice that is released in lower latitudes from the Arctic each year. SeaShow MoreRelatedDrive Hunting in the Oceans2156 Words   |  9 Pagesof small whales, many dolphin species and some porpoises. They are killed in various manors, ranging from accidental ship strikes to the more morally controversial yearly drive hunts. As you may know nearly all cetaceans use some sort of sound production in order to navigate waters, communicate with other individuals and groups of their respective species as well as capture prey (Brownell et al., 2008). An example of this is the variety sounds produced by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)Read MorePollution And Warming Of The Ocean1649 Words   |  7 Pagesgases, energy leaves Earth even slower(Global Warming). This is also known as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth. Scientist and global leaders around the world have been pushing for change when it comes to green gasses and pollution. China is one of the worst offenders when it come to pollution. The pollution is so bad there that they have smog, where it got so bad that they have had to close schools and people now have to wear protectiveRead MoreDolphin Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesBraided Essay: Blood dolphins and Endangered Species As my cruise ship approached the port we were about to dock at, I stood near the railing looking down into the beautiful water. Even from fifty feet up, I could see straight to the bottom of the crystal clear water. As my family and I headed towards the main door to exit the ship, the butterflies in my stomach grew more and more excited. Finally, we left the ship and were greeted by a large sign that read, â€Å"Welcome to the Bahamas!† Our first stopRead MoreThe Narwhal: The Unicorn of the Ocean Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesThe Narwhal is a whale and is also known as the unicorn of the sea. It is in the family of bottlenose dolphins, orcas, and Belugas (World Wildlife Fund). The scientific name for the Narwhal is Monodon monoceros and it is Greek meaning one-tooth, one-horn. It can grow up to 13-16 feet in length and weighs almost 2 tons (4,000 pounds). The region they are usually located is around the Arctic waters of Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia. They are known a s unicorns of the sea because they have a tuskRead MoreThe Effects Of Ocean Pollution On The Sea Turtles And The Food They Eat1817 Words   |  8 Pagesthe ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons, which may lead to widespread damage due to the effects of excessive ultraviolet radiation on wildlife and their food sources; and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere, which may lead to global changes in climate and the distribution of wildlife habitats. Both direct and indirect methods of pollution effect marine organisms but the direct form of pollution is more harmful. (â€Å"Marine Pollution†) The next topic of discussion is the effect that ocean pollutionRead More self awareness in primates: Fact or Fiction Essay2271 Words   |  10 PagesLearning is quot;a change in behavior due to experiencequot; (Chance, 2003, p. 36). Learning allows an organism to modify its behavior to suit a particular situation. It is a mechanism by which one copes with the ever-changing environment. Anything an organism does that can be measured is behavior (Chance, 2003). Organisms change their behavior to fit environmental changes; this is a learning process, it provides a means to modify our physical environment for example, changing climate by controllingRead MoreCausing Harm For Economic Growth2428 Words   |  10 Pages(â€Å"Future of the Artic†). Offshore drilling not only produces natural gases and oil, it can also be able to help find treasured metals such as cobalt and zinc that many nations rely on for new technology. The ocean is always shifting but with the climate changin g occurring around the world because of the pollution in the ocean the ice in Alaska has been receding which makes it easier to access oil and natural material (â€Å"Future of the Artic†). The Arctic is warming at twice the rate as the rest ofRead More The Impact of Global Warming on Oceans Essay1840 Words   |  8 Pages2000). The principal author of this study and chief of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Ocean Climate Laboratory, Sydney Levitus, said, â€Å"These temperature changes may seem small, but they represent very large changes in heat content of the ocean, and this heat will eventually find it its way back to the atmosphere.† (Pawelski, 2000). Thus, although these temperature changes in the ocean seem small, they can have quite a large effect on our Earth’s atmosphere. Levitus also mentionsRead MoreThe Environmental Impact Assessment On The Environment4152 Words   |  17 Pagesexploration and development of W field, in th e North – West Region of Australia, in block WA-418-P . Field W is located in Dampier Archipelago 150 km from the nearest coast as shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Location of WA-418-P field 2.2.2 METEOROLOGY The climate I the region of W Field is both arid and tropical. There are some pressure systems which cross the Australian lad from west to east and their anticlockwise wind circulation enigrate from a latitude of 25o – 30o S in winter to 35o – 40o S in summer

Cause and Effects of social Media free essay sample

Social networking has become an unquestionable part of our everyday lives and we don’t stop to think of all the effects it can have on connections made in real life situations. So many people have different accounts on sites like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. They have become a type of addiction for kids. In situations that are normally very social and interactive kids will go on their phones and check all of their profiles online instead of communicating with others. Having a reputation online has become more important than the real world. Social media has quite the impact, especially on teenagers. The negative effects of these sites outweigh the positive ones and it greatly affects the lives of all its users. Social networking destroys the true meaning of human interaction. Social networking is a pandemic that has spread all throughout the world. Years ago, before social media existed, people would go out and have a good time with friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effects of social Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They would interact with a variety of different people every single day. Nowadays, the only interaction that is happening between teenagers is all online. A teenager’s perspective on popularity is now determined by the amount of followers he or she has. Even though social networking lets us communicate with family and friends in a matter of seconds. It is also destroying our ability to make connections through real conversations. Facebook is damaging to our social lives because we can just visit someone’s wall, have a brief conversation and consider that communication. Teens are relying on their blogs and pages to communicate with people and keep up with the latest trends. They stay in their own little worlds completely ignoring what is happening around them in the real world. Social media has ruined how life should be; fun, adventurous and exciting. Instead, it has turned most teenagers into anti-social couch potatoes. These sites affect more than just the connections we make. They can affect a student’s grades as well. Social networking is a huge distraction for students when they are studying or searching their course material online. They get attracted to these sites to kill the boredom in their study time, diverting their attention from their work. With social media being so accessible, it is very easy to get distracted and reduce the amount of focus on school. A lot of students will use social media sites during class, completely ignoring what the teacher is trying to teach them. Students who spend much of their time online find it hard to concentrate in class, becoming permanently distracted and have shorter attention spans. Social networking has brought about the unfortunate rise of cyber bullying; a social concern that has taken previous forms of harassment to a whole new level. Social media and bullying seem to go hand in hand. The passive aggressive nature of the internet allows for things to be said that otherwise might not have been. Kids are able to hide behind social media because it eliminates the direct contact between others. In previous years, bullies would experience the incidents first hand, having to deal with effects of their abuse or the intervention of onlookers. With social media, they are now able to cause traumatic abuse without those concerns. In the past, bullies have always had to be near their victims in order to harass them. The bullies would have to physically seek out their victims. With the introduction of the internet and the rise of cyber bullying, bullies have been granted an unlimited period of time in which they are able to carry out their abuse. Social networking sites are becoming a lifeline for people. Many people wake up and check their Facebook and Twitter accounts instead of reading a newspaper. Addiction to social networking sites is a severe issue existing in modern life. It may appear that these sites make us more connected to each other. However, the truth is that we are more disconnected than ever. In conclusion, the negative effects of being â€Å"plugged in† are beginning to take enormous effect on kids.

Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child free essay sample

The saying spare the rod, spoil the child is well-known. It means that children need to be punished for any wrong doing. Some people take it too far and think that it means they should hit their children whenever it is decided they are bad. However, children should not be abused. The saying means that punishment is needed for bad behavior. When asked about the origin of the phrase, people will say that it comes from the Bible. It is true that the notion of spare the rod, spoil the child, comes from the Bible. The verse is found in Proverbs 13:24. However, none of them say, spare the rod, spoil the child. They all say that those who spare the rod from their son hate the son. They go on to say that those who chastise, discipline, or give punishment to the son love him. Even the Hebrew, or transliterated musar is translated at disciplines. We will write a custom essay sample on Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The proverbial idea of spare the rod, spoil the child is from at least 1377. This can be seen in the writing The vision of William concerning Piers Plowman by William Langland. In it he wrote, Who-so spareth ye sprynge, spilleth his children. Spryge could mean sprig which would be like a rod. Spilleth at that time meant spoil. However, it is probably older, as can be seen since the idea is probably from the Bible. None of these say, spare the rod, spoil the child, though. It was Samuel Butlers poem, Hudibras , from 1662 that is the origin of the exact form of the phrase that we use now. It is a satirical poem about factions in the English Civil War. It goes, Love is a Boy, / by Poets styld, / Then Spare the Rod, / and spill the Child. Spill was a commonly accepted form of the word spoil in 1662. The phrase probably became popular and evolved as the English language evolved.

Understanding Political Process Theory

Understanding Political Process Theory Also known as political opportunity theory, political process theory offers an explanation of the conditions, mindset, and actions that make a social movement successful in achieving its goals. According to this theory, political opportunities for change must first be present before a movement can achieve its objectives. Following that, the movement ultimately attempts to make change through the existing political structure and processes. Overview Political process theory (PPT) is considered the core theory of social movements and how they mobilize (work to create change). It was developed by  sociologists in the U.S. during the 1970s and 80s, in response to the Civil Rights, anti-war, and student movements of the 1960s. Sociologist Douglas McAdam, now a professor at Stanford University, is credited with first developing this theory via his study of the Black Civil Rights movement (see his book  Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970, published in 1982). Prior to the development of this theory, social scientists viewed members of social movements as irrational and crazed and framed them as deviants rather than political actors. Developed through careful research, political process theory disrupted that view and exposed its troubling elitist, racist, and patriarchal roots. Resource mobilization theory similarly offers an alternative view to this classical one. Since McAdam published his book outlining the theory, revisions to it have been made by him and other sociologists, so today it differs from McAdams original articulation.  As sociologist Neal Caren describes in his entry on the theory in the  Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, political process theory outlines five key components that determine the success or failure of a social movement: political opportunities, mobilizing structures, framing processes,  protest cycles, and contentious repertoires. Political opportunities  are the most important aspect of PPT, because according to the theory, without them, success for a social movement is impossible. Political opportunitiesor opportunities for intervention and change within the existing political systemexist when the system experiences vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities in the system can arise for a variety of reasons but hinge on a crisis of legitimacy wherein the populace no longer supports the social and economic conditions fostered or maintained by the system. Opportunities might be driven by  the broadening of political enfranchisement to those previously excluded (like women and people of color, historically speaking), divisions among leaders, increasing diversity within political bodies and the electorate, and a loosening of repressive structures that previously kept people from demanding change.Mobilizing structures  refer to the  already existing organizations (political or otherwise) that are present among the c ommunity that wants change. These organizations serve as mobilizing structures for a social movement by providing membership, leadership, and communication and social networks to the budding movement. Examples include churches, community and nonprofit organizations, and student groups and schools, to name a few. Framing processes are carried out by leaders of an organization in order to allow the group or movement to  clearly and persuasively describe the existing problems, articulate why change is necessary, what changes are desired, and how one can go about achieving them. Framing processes foster the ideological buy-in among movement members, members of the political establishment, and the public at large that is necessary for a social movement to seize political opportunities and make change. McAdam and colleagues describe framing as conscious strategic efforts by groups of people to fashion shared understandings of the world and of themselves that legitimate and motivate collective action (see Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framing  [1996]).Protest cycles  are another important aspect of social movement success according to PPT. A protest cycle is a prolonged  period of time when opposition to the politi cal system and acts of protest are in a heightened state. Within this theoretical perspective, protests are important expressions of the views and demands of the mobilizing structures connected to the movement and are vehicles to express the ideological frames connected to the framing process. As such, protests serve to strengthen solidarity within the movement, to raise awareness among the general public about the issues targeted by the movement, and also serve to help recruit new members. The fifth and final aspect of PPT is contentious repertoires, which refers to the set of means through which the movement makes its claims. These typically include strikes, demonstrations (protests), and  petitions. According to PPT, when all of these elements are present, it is possible that a social movement will be able to make changes within the existing political system that will reflect the desired outcome. Key Figures There are many sociologists who study social movements, but key figures who helped create and refine PPT include Charles Tilly,  Peter Eisinger, Sidney Tarrow, David Snow, David Meyer, and Douglas McAdam. Recommended Reading To learn more about PPT see the following resources: From Mobilization to Revolution  (1978), by Charles Tilly.Political Process Theory,  Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, by Neal Caren (2007).Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency,  (1982) by Douglas McAdam.Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framing  (1996), by Douglas McAdam and colleagues. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Ways Reporters Can Avoid Conflicts of Interest

Ways Reporters Can Avoid Conflicts of Interest Hard-news reporters should approach stories objectively, setting their own prejudices and preconceptions aside in order to discover the truth about whatever theyre covering. An important part of objectivity is avoiding conflicts of interest that might influence a reporters work. Examples of Conflict of Interest Avoiding conflict of interest is sometimes easier said than done. Heres an example: Lets say you cover city hall, and over time you get to know the mayor well because hes a big part of your beat. You may even grow to like him and secretly wish for him to be successful as the towns chief executive. Theres nothing wrong with that per se, but if your feelings begin to color your coverage of the mayor, or renders you unable to write about him critically when necessary, then clearly theres a conflict of interest - one that must be resolved. Why must reporters be mindful of this? Because sources often try to influence journalists in order to get more positive coverage. For example, after interviewing the CEO of a major airline for a profile, I got a call from one of the airlines public relations people. She asked how the article was going, then offered me two round-trip tickets to London, courtesy of the airline. Its hard to say no to free airline tickets, but of course, I had to refuse. Accepting them would have been a big-time conflict of interest, one that might have affected the way I wrote the story. In short, avoiding conflicts of interest requires a conscious effort on the part of a reporter, day in and day out. How to Avoid Conflicts of Interest Here are six ways to avoid such conflicts: Dont Accept Freebies or Gifts From Sources. People will often try to curry favor with reporters by offering them gifts of various sorts. But taking such freebies opens the reporter up to the charge that he can be bought.Dont Donate Money to Political or Activist Groups. Many news organizations have rules against this for obvious reasons - it telegraphs where the reporter stands politically and erodes the confidence readers have in the reporter as an impartial observer. Even opinion journalists can get into trouble for giving money to political groups or candidates, as Keith Olbermann did in 2010.Dont Engage in Political Activity. This goes along with No. 2. Dont attend rallies, wave signs or otherwise publicly lend your support to groups or causes that have a political bent. Non-political charitable work is fine.Dont Get Too Chummy With the People You Cover. Its important to establish a good working relationship with the sources on your beat. But theres a fine line between a working relationship and a true friendship. If you become best friends with a source youre not likely to cover that source objectively. The best way to avoid such pitfalls? Dont socialize with sources outside of work. Dont Cover Friends or Family Members. If you have a friend or relative who is in the public spotlight - lets say your sister is a member of the city council - you must recuse yourself from covering that person as a reporter. Readers simply wont believe that youll be as tough on that person as you are on everyone else - and theyll probably be right.Avoid Financial Conflicts. If you cover a prominent local company as part of your beat, you shouldnt own any of that companys stock. More broadly, if you cover a certain industry, say, drug companies or computer software makers, then you shouldnt own stock in those kinds of companies.

Healthcare research report---Analysis Plan Paper

Healthcare report---Analysis Plan - Research Paper Example Graphical techniques to be used under this analysis are boxplots and histograms which will assist in identification of outliers that maybe included or omitted in the data. Numerical techniques to be used include frequencies and percentages shall be used to plot the data distribution. 2. Descriptive Analysis. This type of analysis will show how the data looks like and the relationship between different variables in the data set. It will be used to present the quantitative aspect of the data in a simpler and a manageable form. Majorly, this technique will provide a summary of the entire data and it shall be approached from a univariate perspective. Univariate Analysis will involve a deeper examination across the variables in the data; one at a time. Under this analysis, the distribution, central tendency and dispersion of variables will be considered. a. Distribution. This is a summary of frequency of all the observations in a variable. Thus, each observation will be listed alongside the number people in every category so as to present a chart of the frequency distribution. Additionally, a histogram will be plotted to show a visual distribution. b. Central tendency. This section of analysis will consider the mean, mode and median for every variable. The mean will be used to describe the average value of observations in each variable. The median shall be used to estimate the middle value in every variable whereas the mode will show the most occurring value or observation in each variable. c. Dispersion. This is the spread of values around the mean, mode and median. Range and standard deviation shall be used under this category. The range will show the gap that exists between the maximum and the minimum values in every variable. Additionally, the standard deviation will show the average distance of all the data points

Development of Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Development of Christianity - Essay Example The fourth part examines vibrant churches that declined while the fifth tackles churches in Moscow. Part six explains the dismember ship of Western Christianity with the current part portraying protestant as emerging as a result of views different from Latin Christianity rather than reforming impulses. To begin with Christianity development, MacCulloch presents Christianity development as a messy political affair shooting up through the moments of human acceptance and apprehension of God through the message of Christ Jesus. This representation occurs when writing a clear discussion on the development of Chalcedonian and Nicene in the fourth and fifth centuries resulting in Dyophysite and miaphysite camps which could give rise to any creedal Christian pause. Thus, Christianity history development presented not having a triumphalist stance. The writer in the first part plainly and loudly contextualizes the Christianity within Hellenistic and Jewish worlds. MacCulloch moves with the history of Christianity in connection to the Jews up to the New Testament and links the Jews to Jesus and the New Testament. The writer elevates Jesus above other Jews by asserting the uniqueness in Jesus calling God Abba (MacCulloch, 2010, p.81). Then proceeds to discuss a meeting arranged at Yavneh by a number of rabbis after the fall of Jerusalem. The assertion by MacCulloch remains that the meeting by rabbis saw the founding of rabbinic Judaism as an event of historiographical fiction arising in the late antiquity (MacCulloch, 2010, p.107). Similarly, (Mangina, 2010, p. 22) explains Christianity and the doctrine of faith until the conclusion that the Apocalypse concerns the God of the gospel who is the Father, Son and Holy Spirit who seeks to transform life to predictable comfortable ways. In the discussion, the author digs deeply into the development of Christianity but  fails to conclude many chapters and leaves the readers with instruction to do further research and reading. This implies lack of full knowledge by the author.

Victor Joseph Essay Example for Free

Victor Joseph Essay Not everybody can conclude or can judge what the real characteristic of a person is unless you get to know him better. We can never blame ourselves from keeping our eyes blind on the things that we don’t want to see, but in the end, what we need is a little touch of acceptance and moving on with our life without living in the past, can somehow set us free. As the main character of Smoke Signals, at first, I see Victor Joseph as a young man, who is full of grievance with his father. All his life, all he knows is that his father is alcoholic, abusive and he left him and his mother without returning. One famous line is this â€Å"Thomas you dont even know my father. Did you know that my father was the one that set your parents house on fire? Did you know that my father beat my mother? Did you know that my father beat me too†?. Victor’s language is vulgar as he utters, â€Å"You gotta look mean or people wont respect you† (Alexie, 1998) he seems to be a full grown man with full of hatred. One flashback scene in the story gave me a different view about Victor’s Father. It was when Victor’s father died. The climax begins to reveal when Victor decided to go to a trip to get the remains of Arnold. When Thomas Builds-the-Fire a young man from an Indian reservation met Victor Joseph and told him that his father has saved his life, it turns out to be a different kind of story. It’s such a twist about the characteristic of Victor’s father, Arnold, that puts Victor in great denial. Thomas and Arnold spent good times together as he always remembers him as a thoughtful person who always gives him a nice breakfast and will never forget how he saved his life. As the story ends, Victor lived his life without the guidance of his father and left him bad memories that he will never forget. Hence, we should learn to forgive and give chance to others because in every mistake, there is a corresponding will to make something good behind it. Alexie, S. 1998 Smoke Signals: A Screenplay. Hyperion, 179 pages

Freedom for Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gillman

Freedom for Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gillman and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin 'The Yellow Wallpaper' by Charlotte Perkins Gillman and 'The Story of an Hour' by Kate Chopin are two feminist works in which liberation is the overlying theme. Both of the main characters achieve freedom from their husbands' oppression in these short stories; however, freedom is only achieved through insanity in 'The Yellow Wallpaper' and death in 'The Story of an Hour.' The women in these stories are viewed as very powerful, as they do whatever it takes to free themselves from the oppressive holds of their husbands. Their strength proves these two short stories very influential works of feminism. Oppression is chief in the achievement of liberation in both short stories. Both of the narrators are oppressed by their husbands, and though they want to be happy, it is impossible due to the way they are treated by their spouses. In ?The Yellow Wallpaper,? John, the nameless narrator?s husband, confines his wife to a room with barred windows and hideous yellow wallpaper because she is ill. He does not allow her to exert herself physically or mentally, prevents her from seeing her friends and family and keeps her under intense scrutiny. While isolated in this room, she begins to go mad, believing that the wallpaper is somehow watching her, and eventually she believes she is a prisoner inside it. The narrator proves that her husband is oppressive when she reveals how afraid she is of him. She says, ?There comes John, and I must put this away?he hates to have me write a word? (Gillman 41). Likewise, in Kate Chopin?s ?The Story of an Hour? it is perceived that the main character Louise Mallard is oppre... ...reedom proves to be the overlying theme in ?The Story of an Hour? and death is the way in which freedom is achieved in the short story. ?The Yellow Wallpaper? and ?The Story of an Hour? are two feminist works that highlight the importance of freedom for women in the oppressive world of men. Freedom is not achieved normally in either of the short stories, but is gained through insanity and death. These two stories prove that women?s liberation is an extremely important issue, and the means by which these women gained their freedom is remarkable. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. (1894). 31 Apr. 2003. http://www.4literature.net/Kate_Chopin/Story_of_an_Hour/> Gillman, Charlotte Perkins. ?The Yellow Wallpaper.? The Yellow Wallpaper and Selected Stories of Charlotte Perkins Gillman. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1994. PID 0230

Hrm Learning Log Essay

The first lecture that we had was basically explaining the module and gave a brief outline of what we are going to be studying throughout the year. We then went on to discuss this in the seminar. Obviously there was not much work done for this week as we were just taking everything in and coming to grips with what the module entailed. Lecture number two started off with a series of quotes with people defining organisational behaviour. I consider the ‘organisational behaviour is one of the most complex and perhaps least understood academic elements of modern general management but since it concerns the behaviour of people within organisations it is also one of the most central’ as one of the most accurate and appropriate ways to describe organisational behaviour. The other two quotes were by no means inaccurate, but they were a bit brief and wouldn’t really explain much if you were trying to tell somebody what organisational behaviour was. This then brought us to the organisational iceberg, this is an interesting and key point. I have found a diagram from the internet to illustrate the iceberg I found this model very fascinating and the quote about what sinks a ship is very clever, because so much that goes on in an organisation is not seen. It is simply that an informal organisation is a ‘looser’ structured flexible organisation with informal relationships and a formal organisation would be an opposite one with a planned structure with a hierarchy. Hugh put some definitions of organisational behaviour up and I read them and found that they were both fairly strong definitions although one was a lot more detailed than the other. The next lecture was very much defining what an organisation is, different types of organisations and how we define them. This was a fairly big lecture and there was quite a lot to take in I thought. What is an organisation? I agree with the definition of JD Mooney that organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose, as well as Huczynski & Buchanans ‘entity’ view because they are short yet strong and easy to understand and I feel that I would definitely be more likely to remember these definitions than Robbins’ definition for example, which sounds a bit more intricate. The next lecture brought us to something similar, giving us the chance to reflect on the organisational iceberg, and still defining organisational structure. I researched into tall and flat organisational structures this week and found this diagram on the internet which helps demonstrate how different organisations have different structures, and there is no better or worse structure, because each organisation requires a different structure. I found centralisation and decentralisation quite challenging, so I looked up the meanings to begin with on the internet. I found that centralisation is described as the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning decision-making, become concentrated within a particular location or group. Alternatively, decentralisation was defined as the process of dispersing decision-making governance closer to the people and citizen. It includes the dispersal of administration or governance in sectors or areas like engineering, management science, political science, political economy, sociology and economics. These definitions helped me understand the table in the lecture slides easier. The matrix structure was also covered in this lecture. This seemed a more complex structure where a lot of individuals are mixed together and each person may have to work under several managers at a time. For this week’s lecture we were given a SEMCO case study and some organisational charts to look at. We spoke about trying to define work and then got into small groups and came up with our own definition of work. It was very interesting how everyone’s opinions and definitions of work were so different. Although nearly everyone agreed that we work for money and for example in our group, we said that if you are not paid, for instance voluntary work, it is simply a hobby. We then went on to organisation theory and classical management. This focuses on then total design of the total organisation. This is different to scientific management because that focuses on the design and management of individual jobs. This was quite a difficult lecture to fully comprehend with again a lot of information to take in. Through research I found that Henri Fayol was the main classical theorist and he proposed the functions such as technical; commercial; financial; accounting; security and managerial. He believed the latter to be slightly different to all the rest. In our lecture it said that management is a process of planning, organisation, command, coordination and control. I found that Fayol was very influential to the modern concepts of management and proposed his own theory, called fayolism. I also discovered that there is a set of 14 principles of management that he devised and I found this quite thought-provoking. The lecture also told us about Taylorism, which is a scientific management theory. We then went on to Hawthorne studies, which I had previously learnt about in sociology at A level so I was fairly familiar with. Then it went on explaining that there is more to the work than just the pay, there needs to be a strong sense of belonging. I agree with this because I feel in today’s society too many people are driven by money and instead of opting for being happy in life, they would rather have more money. I feel that the media makes people feel that they should put money before a sense of belonging and I don’t think that is right. In this week’s seminar we went back to organisational structures and charts. Our group discussed that the needs of all organisations are very different so there will always be different structures suiting different organisations. Bureaucratic structures were brought up and we spoke about how they were suitable for larger organisations rather than smaller ones, also how they tend to stick to a tall rather than flat structure. I found other structures such as a divisional structure, where they group organisational functions into different divisions. I then looked back over earlier lectures about defining work, and the extrinsic purposes which are essential yet do not reap the same intrinsic rewards where workers should have a considerably high level of job satisfaction. The occupational structure- this is shaped by several factors like bureaucracy, technology and the economy. Watson’s patterns are key points for the subject of occupations and the structure of work because he points out the key elements. Mobility is seen as a key part of occupational structure and there are factors which positively and negatively affect mobility. The next lectures brought us to organisational culture; there was a good quote to start the lecture saying that â€Å"The ideologies, beliefs and deep-set values which occur in all firms†¦. and which are the prescriptions for the ways in which people should work in those organisations. † This got me thinking about organisation culture and what it was about. Organisational culture frequently refers to the collective patterns of behaviour, beliefs and values within an organisation. I also found a different definition of organisation culture saying that ‘organisation culture is a set of values, often taken for granted, that help people in an organisation understand which actions are considered acceptable and which actions are considered unacceptable. ’ Often these values are shaped in the course of stories. I feel that culture is significantly hard to define and measure. We covered socialisation in this lecture and it is quoted as ‘getting ones hands dirty’. I found that Socialization is the main way humans start to obtain the skills needed to carry out their task of being a member of society. The largely basic look of culture is set up at the individual level. Through both learning and teaching is the how cultural and social characteristics achieve permanence. I believe that the best quote of this lecture was that ‘to change an organisation in any significant or lasting way you need to change the values and beliefs that lie at the core. ’ This brings us to the iceberg and the onion. The onion illustrates that the core is shielded by many layers, and you have to change everything right down to the bottom to make a significant change for the organisation. Through my research I found some different information as to what was in our lectures on the several different types of culture, such as person cultures and task cultures. Person cultures are basically an organisational structure in a business which is constantly changing and has no permanent foundation, no real formal role and no sole objective. Where all the people involved believe themselves to be superior to the organisation, because of this some of these organisations struggle to cope, but can do because of the certain expertise each different individual possesses. On the other hand, task cultures are often found in a matrix type organisation, where employees tend to have similar roles and responsibilities, they solve problems as and it is often described as a business based around the high skills of an employee. More organisational cultures are power cultures, and role cultures. Power cultures I think are the most interesting because they are more or less based around one ultimate source, which everything revolves around and depends on. These are often found in small organisations and have little bureaucracy and a small number of rules. Role cultures is similar to that of a tall structure that I have spoken about earlier where there is a basic hierarchy of roles and power. In the seminar this week we spoke about different retailers and what kind of organisation structures they had. I found this seminar very enjoyable because we found out from each other in depth about what sort of organisations each company were and decided what frame they would be in and whether we would prefer to be in one or another. The next lecture was mostly on change, I found this fairly weird because there were not many things I could relate to or understand so I just had to try and take as much in as possible. Although it brought us to again this man Charles Handy. He said that â€Å"Less than half the workforce in the industrial world will be holding conventional full-time jobs in organisations by the beginning of the 21st century. Those full-timers, or insiders, will be the new minority. † This has obviously been proved correct to some extent, so Handy was right. Because of technology fewer and fewer people are needed from day to day in the industrial sector, because machines are replacing them. Today we again talked about the paradigm and how organisations all have different values and missions and how they go about them. I think the most powerful part of this lecture is the part where it says the only permanent thing is change. This is such a good quote because no matter change will never ever end, it can’t. Yet everything else can. This is another one of those quotes that gets you thinking. I liked the 7-S framework part because it helps me remember all the very important reasons of change. This week’s lecture was on organisational change. This was different to previous lectures because I didn’t feel there was much we could talk about. I researched more into organisational cultures again and found information on strong cultures and weak cultures. A strong culture is one where staff responds to stimulus because of their position to organisational values. In a strong culture, it is believed that the people do what they are told to do, because they think that is the right way to do things. In a weak culture things are fairly different. They do it their own way and things would be pretty much the opposite. Research suggests that organisations with a strong culture will achieve the companies’ goals a lot easier than a weak culture; they will also have higher levels of employee satisfaction, motivation and loyalty. We came on to leadership today, and spoke about management. It started with a man I was familiar with Max Weber again because of A level sociology so I was intrigued to how he linked in with this element. We then came on to Fayol’s 14 principles of management. I decided to research into these 14 principles out of curiosity and it is proved that Fayols principles still have a big relevance to contemporary management, so do his 6 functions that I mentioned earlier, however most people these days like to only talk about 4 of the 6 functions that Fayol originally proposed and they have been slightly tweaked into; planning; leading; organising and controlling. Taylorism popped up this week and we discussed the difference between the bosses and the workers, as Taylor says the bosses think as the workers do. Then onto other theorists such as Drucker, he proposed the five basic operations of a manager. I very much agree with these five operations because at my workplace it seems that the managers are trying to set objectives, organise, measure, motivate and develop people. I think that managers are different to leaders. Yes some managers are leaders, but they are two completely different things in my eyes. As it says in the lecture slides managers plan, organise, direct etc, leaders envision, inspire, influence, leaders effect people more emotionally than managers do. We also spoke about how hard it is to describe leadership, who would we call a leader? How do we become a leader? These are all questions that I do not know the answer to. Yukl says that â€Å"Most definitions of leadership reflect the assumption that it involves a process whereby intentional influence is exerted by one person over people†¦.. to guide, structure and facilitate activities and relationships in a group or organisation’ I don’t think that this is as good of a description as â€Å"Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction) to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose. By Jacob and Jacques because they seem to hit the nail on the head because I believe leadership is all about giving a meaningful purpose to effort and be willing to do anything to achieve your goal. I still very much agree with Yukls view on leadership because what he says is true but I don’t feel it would give me anythin g that I can learn or think about whereas Jacob and Jacques’ I can. There were a lot of quotes in today’s lecture, some I felt more powerful than others. They have taught me a lot about leadership, one being that it there is not a definition. I even googled it and there wasn’t one. Another being leadership is what you make of it, from what I think will be different to what the next guy thinks, so I can understand why it raises so many controversies and discussions. I can understand why it proved virtually impossible to identify the particular traits that separate leaders from non-leaders. I believe that leadership is based on many things, personality being the main one. Many people would think you have to be at the top of the hierarchy to be branded a leader, for instance they would think of a manager of a leader. But a leader can be anyone, some people just possess a trait that makes them a natural born leader, for example a footballer that steps on the pitch and instantly tells everyone what to do, they all listen to him without question. Even though he may not be captain, he is the leader. In today’s lecture we looked at technology, a new topic. Technology has played a massive part in how businesses operate as of recent years, I didn’t find this as interesting as the previous few weeks but there were still things I wanted to look up on. We also touched on leadership again this week. This week brings us onto personality. This lecture was one of the tougher ones because there was a lot of material I have never heard of before. I agree with everything Robertson and Smith have put forward because for instance if there was no variety in the tasks, or if there was no feedback given or no significance of the tasks, then the employees job satisfaction would surely be lower, and I think it would be a hard job to try and make someone completely satisfied with their job in every aspect because nearly everybody isnt happy with atleast one aspect of their job. Our lecture this week was on motivation, learning about motivation was quite enjoyable. I find the american and chinese needs hierarcies quite interesting and how they differ. The american hierarchy has self-actualisation in individual development at the top whereas the chinese hierarchy has self-actualisation in service to society. This goes back to the collectivist and individualist cultures. I have found a slightly more detailed diagram of a hierarchy here: Another big difference is that the sense of belonging is in the middle of the american hierarchy and it is right at the bottom of the chinese one, maybe because the chinese people see society as a whole more important. I also find Hertzbergs two factor theory quite interesting because of what he thinks motivates and de-motivates intrinsically and extrinsically. Today we looked at perception. I was quite amazed at how the mind perceives things and it sees what it wants to see instead of what it actually might be. The quote â€Å"You see, that’s the problem with you Jerry. You think we’re arguing, I think we’re finally communicating! † defines what perception is really about. You think you are doing one thing, yet you are doing another. Throughout this year my favourite topic has definitely been leadership. I feel genuinely interested in this subject because it is so intriguing and there are so many talking points about it. I think one of the most meaningful and intelligent quotes I have ever heard has come from the leadership topic, managers do things right, leaders do the right thing. It has made believe that being a leader is such a good thing. Most people probably think managers are leaders, but they are really nothing alike what so ever, when you look into it in detail you realise. I particularly like how Bennis describes both Managers and leaders, saying that Managers ask how and when, leaders and what and why. Managers rely on people, leaders inspire trust. Managers focus on systems and structure, leaders focus on people, and so on. It is strange how they seem so true yet every one is the completely different. This proves surely that there is a real big difference between a leader and a manager. I was quite amazed at the perception topic though because it enlightened me slightly on how our minds actually work. Like the non-standard shaped polygon, I would never think it is one of those, yet that is what it is. Also the x’s and o’s in alternating rows is clever. One of the least exciting topics I would say is organisational change. It was challenging yet quite boring and I didn’t really enjoy the content in the lectures or the seminars around this time. One of the more tricky subjects I found was motivation. Although it was more interesting than most of the others, it was one of the hardest to understand and I found it hard to relate to this lecture because it didn’t seem like there was much relevance to business in it. It is definitely an area I will need to revise more for my exam. I have also found writing this learning log challenging as I have never done anything like this before. But it is different I guess.

Down the River Essay

Edward Abbey’s essay Down the River reveals his strong belief that the existence of life revolves around nature itself. Abbey conveys these views through syntax, imagery, and his choice of structure. Abbey’s varying detail and syntax in the first half of the passage conveys an amazement toward nature. He states while gazing at the lion that there was a â€Å"mutual curiosity: [he] felt more wonder than fear†. His unexpected reaction to the mountain lion when they shared â€Å"mutual curiosity† implies that man is not alone in this journey towards knowledge, and there is a deep connection between man and nature. He varies the syntax from short to complex sentences with distinct differences in clauses. He states that later on they â€Å"see no mountain lions,† and the following sentence in a series presents all of the other wildlife that has been observed in great detail instead of the lion. He describes these plants and animals with enthusiasm and also calls Aravaipa â€Å"full of life† and extremely â€Å"beautiful†. The impression is that even though the lion that drew the explorer in is nowhere to be seen, there is still a vast amount of beauty in the desert. The structure is meant to contrast the two types of nature, urban nature and nature in Aravaipa. We see an immediate switch in tone when Abby says, â€Å"We stumble homeward over the stones, and through the anklebone-chilling water. † Abbey displays a hint of bitterness towards his home that is so bad even the journey to get there is torturous. He discusses the stars and how they seem to fade when he leaving the desert, as if the world he is used to has no stars, no beauty, no life. Abby then states that the memories of the beautiful desert are enough to keep him satisfied for days to survive the â€Å"urban life†. Nature is so rich in details and relationships and so wonderful and mysterious that it is impossible to completely understand it. This incomprehensibility can provide an unlimited source of learning that will eventually redeem us from a lifeless urban existence.

Free Essays on Ravers

Background Name of culture, country: Our project is on a sub-culture group called Ravers. The dictionary defines the word â€Å"rave† as a gathering or party where people, mostly teenagers and twenty some-things, come together to listen to music and dance. Ravers aren’t from any one country in particular. However the first modern raves started in and around London in the late 1980’s. Since then they have grown throughout Europe, United States, Canada, and Japan. Raves are now held in pretty much every city or town, whether it be heavily populated or in the middle of cornfields. Geographic location, climate: As mentioned above, geographic location varies. Raves are held in just about every major city in the United States especially in California, New York, and Florida, as well as Canada, UK, and Japan. Raves are usually held in an abandoned warehouse, a club, a beach, a field, an aircraft hangar or a sports arena. Pretty much anywhere you could fit a massive sound system and a lot of people. Climate varies in all of these locations because they are spread all across the world. Depending on the time of year, climate will vary from location to location. Economy: Ravers don’t really have a set economic system because it is a sub-culture. You don’t have to be poor or rich to be a raver. Raves attract all kinds of people. They can cost anywhere from $5 - $50. Usually the number of people at a rave is unimportant, it can range from 50 people to 25,000 people. The cost of attendance is unimportant too because there are some good raves and some bad raves at both cost spectrums. It has been said that the higher the price is, the more commercial the even and lower the quality. Government/Political Factors: There is no one set government for ravers. The people in charge of raves are most often ravers themselves or ex-ravers. They are given the tile called promoters. However, there are three different types of r... Free Essays on Ravers Free Essays on Ravers Background Name of culture, country: Our project is on a sub-culture group called Ravers. The dictionary defines the word â€Å"rave† as a gathering or party where people, mostly teenagers and twenty some-things, come together to listen to music and dance. Ravers aren’t from any one country in particular. However the first modern raves started in and around London in the late 1980’s. Since then they have grown throughout Europe, United States, Canada, and Japan. Raves are now held in pretty much every city or town, whether it be heavily populated or in the middle of cornfields. Geographic location, climate: As mentioned above, geographic location varies. Raves are held in just about every major city in the United States especially in California, New York, and Florida, as well as Canada, UK, and Japan. Raves are usually held in an abandoned warehouse, a club, a beach, a field, an aircraft hangar or a sports arena. Pretty much anywhere you could fit a massive sound system and a lot of people. Climate varies in all of these locations because they are spread all across the world. Depending on the time of year, climate will vary from location to location. Economy: Ravers don’t really have a set economic system because it is a sub-culture. You don’t have to be poor or rich to be a raver. Raves attract all kinds of people. They can cost anywhere from $5 - $50. Usually the number of people at a rave is unimportant, it can range from 50 people to 25,000 people. The cost of attendance is unimportant too because there are some good raves and some bad raves at both cost spectrums. It has been said that the higher the price is, the more commercial the even and lower the quality. Government/Political Factors: There is no one set government for ravers. The people in charge of raves are most often ravers themselves or ex-ravers. They are given the tile called promoters. However, there are three different types of r... Free Essays on Ravers Degeneration X: The Artifacts and Lexicon of the Rave Subculture The dizzying laser lights flashed in synchronicity with the pulsating bass of the music that bounced off the psychedelic warehouse walls. As my boyfriend and I mentally attempted to organize the chaos surrounding us, we pushed our way through the crowd of spasmodic lunatics who contorted their bodies in time with the music and lights. We located a couch in a room covered with cartoonesque, hyper-graphic graffiti. An androgynous man sat himself at my feet and began massaging my thighs, while a girl with her eyes rolled back into her head demanded that my boyfriend give her a massage. Just then the deejay laid his head in my lap, told me he was in love with me, and placed a bitter pill on my tongue. This certainly was the most bizarre method of earning three graduate credit hours I could imagine. So began my two-year ethnography on the American rave subculture. The scene described above was my initiation into the underground subculture where rave kids, typically under twenty-one years old, are given secret invitations to attend private warehouse parties with dancing, drugs, and thousands of their closest friends. Because of my youthful and unorthodox appearance, I was invited to join the then-highly-exclusive underground scene and attended numerous raves in several major cities in North Carolina. Although my chosen subculture was not typically examined by academia, I conducted an academic ethnography of what Maton (1993) describes as a "group whose world views, values and practices diverge from mainstream North American and social science cultures" (747). As a result, I received three graduate credit hours for "supervised research in ethnography" and conducted what may be the only academic ethnography on raves. The American rave subculture is an alternative, underground nightclub movement promoting techno music, synthetic drugs, and teen angst: the discos of the 1990s....

How to Make Bubbles That Dont Pop

How to Make Bubbles That Don't Pop If youre tired of bubbles that pop as soon as you blow them, try this recipe for unbreakable bubbles! Now, its still possible to break these bubbles, but they are much stronger than regular soap bubbles. Examples of bubbles that truly wont pop include plastic bubbles, which are essentially small balloons. This recipe makes bubbles using a sugar polymer to accomplish much the same result. Unbreakable Bubble Recipe 3 cups of water1 cup liquid dishwashing detergent (Joy is a good choice)1/2 cup white corn syrup Simply stir the ingredients together to make the bubble solution. You can use dark corn syrup just as easily as white corn syrup, but the solution will be colored. Also, you can add food coloring or glow paint to color the bubbles. You can substitute another type of sticky syrup. Expect changes in color and odor. Heres another easy bubble recipe: 3 cups water1 cup dishwashing liquid1/2 cup glycerin Getting the Biggest, Strongest Bubbles If you blow bubbles and they dont seem strong enough, you can add more glycerin and/or corn syrup. The best amount of glycerin or corn syrup depends on the dish soap you use, so the recipe is a starting point. Feel free to adjust the ingredient measurements. If you use ultra dishwashing liquid, youll probably need to add more syrup or glycerin. If you are having trouble getting big bubbles, you might want to use distilled water rather than tap water. Also, bubble recipes benefit from sitting for several hours or overnight before use. Glowing Bubbles If you break open a yellow highlighter and allow the ink to soak into the water, the resulting bubble solution and bubbles will glow under a black light. Another option is to use tonic water in place of regular water. The tonic water bubbles will glow pale blue under a black light. For brighter glowing bubbles, you can add glow pigment to the bubble mixture. However, the pigment becomes suspended in the solution rather dissolves, so the bubbles wont last as long or get as large. Coloring Bubbles Bubbles consist of a thin liquid film over a gas (air). Because the liquid layer is so thin, its hard to color bubbles. You can add food coloring or dye, but dont expect the color to be really noticeable. Also, the pigment molecules are large and will weaken the bubbles so they wont be as big or last as long. Its possible to color bubbles, but you may not like the results. Your best bet is to substitute a water-based dye in place of water in the bubble recipe. Blow colored bubbles outdoors because they will stain surfaces and clothing. Bubble Clean Up As you might guess, bubbles made using corn syrup  are sticky. They will clean up with warm water, but its best to blow bubbles outdoors or in a bathroom or kitchen so you wont have to un-stick your carpet or upholstery. The bubbles wash out of clothing.

Examine the impact of the new media on Parliaments and MPs Essay

Examine the impact of the new media on Parliaments and MPs - Essay Example ment should make sure they do whatever it takes to protect a free and independent media as its presence is vital for a functioning democracy as well as good governance (Girard 2002). It is for this reason that make parliament strive to establish a culture through legislation which protects the media. Generally, the aim of this essay is to investigate the effect of new information and communications technologies (ICTs), mostly the internet, upon parliamentary democracy in Britain. This study views three important aspects which the internet puts on parliamentary democracy such as, the practices, principles and rules related to the use of the internet in a parliamentary context. It is hoped that, perception on the development of and issues of e-democracy can be established. To facilitate the media’s operation, Parliament should ensure freedom of expression, rights to information in addition to freedom of the press. According to Rogers (1995) it is important for parliamentarians to participate in debates on how to bring about a balance between the freedom of speech and standards of responsibility on top of decency and quality. In Britain for example, BBC have had a powerful effect on the rising technologies. Earlier, internet domain was delegated to an individual. Domain requests had to be emailed, manually screened and then forwarded to the UK naming committee before processing. Membership was restricted to a certain group of people who were part of a peering arrangement. The naming committee could object to a name and if small number objected then the name was refused. In mid 1990s growth of internet and the introduction of the WWW pushed request for domain name registrations grew to levels that were not manageable. Automation tools were provid ed which formalised the naming process. A good professional relationship should be created between the parliamentarians and journalists for them to fulfil their duties. This relationship is based on mutual respect as well

Case Study on Social Work Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case Study on Social Work Theory - Essay Example Trevithick indicates that according to a study carried out by Birdwhistell â€Å"in a typical encounter involving two people, the actual spoken or verbal content is likely to carry only one third of the social meaning in any given encounter, whereas the non-verbal forms convey roughly two thirds of the meaning† (Trevithick, 1995). The methods used by social workers cover a large array of feelings, events, experiences and past traumas. It is essential for these methods to be compatible with social work values. There are some methods which are more suitable than others depending on the case. Planning the intervention is based on assessment of the current situation and precise evaluation of the best options for intervention. Social adjustment and enhancement of better social relationships is a result of the qualities and knowledge applied by the social workers and the willingness of the person to experience change. The task centred approach and the cognitive behavioural therapy are two methods that are extremely helpful in social work. They aid identifying the problems and finding a way to improve the situation of the person at present. In the case of John, who has spent most of his life in prison and has a history of alcohol misuse, it is essential to find the best methods to bring him back to society. It is important for the working methods to provide good understanding of the case and pave the way for a successful intervention afterwards. The task centred approach identifies the partnership with the service user which should be a central aspect of the practice. Partnership is characterized by respect for the service user’s point of view, better communication and recognition of the abilities of the service user to act (Doel and Marsh, 1992). Partnership is highly needed in John’s case since he has been isolated from society for a long time and needs to regain his confidence and feel secure. The essence of the task centred approach is

The effects of retail channel integration through the use of Essay

The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on Firm performance - Essay Example The article â€Å"The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on Firm performance† gives a vivid insight into the strategy that can be employed to integrate activities across multiple channels. This resolution lies in the use of information technology, a solution that offers a promising opportunity for most of the retail firms. This is because it is directed towards the enhancement of the relationship that exists between them and their customers. This is, in addition to improving the performance, of the firm in virtually all sectors. This can be tied to the fact that the goal of most firms is to improve people’s lives through their services and products. This is, in addition to, making profits that can enable them stay in the market for a long time. Throughout the article, the authors have focused on the constructive effects of information technology just to encourage those who are not into it to try out. They base this on the f act that by integrating both traditional and contemporary Channels within the retail industries efficiency and integration is improved. These effects, in one way or another, function to the act of the firm as well as customers who are among the key stake holders in any given firm. Another fact is that environment has a role to play because its dynamism is a sure moderating factor of the effects brought about by competence and modernization. All these attributes are aimed at inciting firms to employ this technique in both the retail and service sectors especially to those firms that have both physical and online operation. (Khosrowpou, 2006). Critique of article In the modern world of business, there has been increased shift towards the creation of positive environment that enhances productivity and efficiency. Thus, why many firms resolve to employ CRM software to provide a dependable platform for both customers and firms. This, in part, corresponds to the message in the article dis cussed. However, even though there is the persistence of adoption of technology, it should be noted that it is not for all companies to use it for some use â€Å"excel and outlook† in a stationary surroundings to uphold their information. In such a company, high technology such as use of CRM software is undoubtedly inappropriate. Therefore, the article has not emphasized on what companies are eligible to this high technology, for this is most prominent in growing businesses who are obliged to manage customer’s information with reliable software especially in the constantly changing business environment (Sambumurthy, 2003). However, the article has a valuable message concerning the ways in which businesses can manage change. This is because the modern day organizations have become complex, uncertain and more unpredictable, and, therefore, invention of ways of overcoming these challenges. Therefore, the advent of globalization demands that companies keep themselves up-to -date either through the latest technology or management fad (Lin-Bin et al, 2010). This vertical integration has numerous effects on the factors that lead to firm’s performance such as increasing firm size and reducing uncertainty. However, it has also its own

Hydrogen Peroxide As Additive For Diesel Fuel

Hydrogen Peroxide As Additive For Diesel Fuel CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION HEAT ENGINES A heat engine is a machine whose function is to produce mechanical energy and it does so by using heat energy that is released when combustion of fuel takes place. It is classified in two main types on the basis where the combustion takes place. 1. External combustion engines also called the E.C engines: Here, as name suggests, heat energy from fuel is extracted not inside the cylinder where mechanical movement is generated but outside at different setup from where it is carried along in any medium such as air, steam or gas and passed into setup where it can be used for generating mechanical movement. Examples of this type of engine are hot air engines, steam turbines, steam engines and closed cycle gas turbine. This kind of engine is mostly used in electric power generations, ships, and driving locomotives. 2. Internal combustion engines famously known as I.C engines: It can be easily understood from the name that heat energy of fuel is extracted inside the cylinder from where mechanical movement originates. I.C. ENGINES: Here the mechanical energy is generated by force on nozzle, blades of turbines or pistons. They are arranged in such a way that when fuel is burnt inside combustion chamber the gases so produced as result of this action having very high pressure and very high temperature creates a force that directly leads to the their movement. From the development point of view we can say that J.J.E Lenior was the one who developed the first practically okay engine in 1860 and after that many different version were experimented mostly having power of around 4.5 kw and efficiency near 5%. otto-langen is given credit for developing a four stroke cycle engine in 1876. The efficiency of engine was nearly around 11%. It worked on spark ignition system. In 1892 rudolf diesel came with the compression ignition engine which was more efficient than spark ignition engines. 1.2.1 Classification of I.C. Engines. CHAPTER 2 DIESEL ENGINE 2.1 INTRODUCTION It is an internal combustion heat engine where heat energy, produced by spraying fuel on compressed air having a high temperature that is above the self-ignition temperature of fuel inside the cylinder, is converted in to mechanical work. Piston is arranged inside the cylinder that produces this mechanical work in response to combustion and expansion of air inside the cylinder. Diesel engine works on both 2 stroke and 4 stroke cycle. The main difference between diesel and petrol engine is that diesel works on the concept of constant pressure heat addition while petrol works on the concept of constant volume heat addition. For an engine to work on constant pressure heat addition concept it needs fuel which has low self-ignition temperature. And the fact that only air is compressed inside the cylinder is the reason for high compression ratio of diesel engine. They lie in the range of 14-22. 2.2 WORKING The four important processes of a diesel engine are intake of air, compression of the air to temperature that is above the self-ignition temperature of fuel, combustion inside the cylinder by spraying fuel on the compressed air and finally letting out the gases from cylinder after combustion. These four processes are repeated in cycle to make the engine run continuously. These four processes can be done with two strokes of piston (one revolution of crankshaft) or four strokes of the piston (two revolution of crankshaft). Lets understand the four stroke processes briefly because we are going to perform experiment on 4-stroke engine. During first stroke piston moves down creating space for air to come in. now when piston moves upward it compress air within the cylinder. When piston reaches at the top fuel is sprayed in the cylinder. This leads to combustion and downward movement of piston. After reaching bottom piston moves upward removing the exhaust gas from cylinder. And again when piston moves down fresh air is taken in cylinder and processes goes on. The up and down movement (linear motion) of piston is converted in to rotary motion through crankshaft which is connected to the piston. Please refer to the diagram below. 2.3 FUEL INJECTION The injection of fuel to the cylinder is very critical processes. If done with accurate timing and injection pressure it can lead to enhanced performance of the engine. The injection pressure given to the fuel by injector is typically 7â‚ ¬Ã‚ ª106 to 7â‚ ¬Ã‚ ª107 pa. The accurate time for fuel injection is when piston is about to reach the top of cylinder. When fuel is injected inside it is partly combusted as constant volume and then as piston moves down the remaining part is combusted as pressure constant processes. 2.4 PROS AND CONS OF DIESEL ENGINE The diesel engine is far more superior to the gasoline engine in terms of efficiency. They do not make noise and are very low on maintenance requirement when compared to gasoline engines. Its reliability and ruggedness is more. As fuel leads to combustion due to low self-ignition temperature no spark plugs are required which leads to lower cost of maintaining. Cost of fuel is lower, around 30% to 40% than gas engines. Another major advantage it gives over gasoline engine is by producing low waste in exhaust and cooling Major disadvantages of diesel engine are its high weight to horsepower ratio and difficulty to make them start when they are in cold weather area. CHAPTER 3 DIESEL FUEL AND ADDITIVES Any liquid that can be utilized to operate diesel engine is called as diesel fuel. Mainly derived from following four sources. Diesel fuel has been divided into three major groups by ASTM (The American society for testing and materials), which depends on the various uses of diesel engines. They are: No. 1-D for frequent load and speed changing engines. No. 2-D for engine with constant speed but high loads. No. 3-D for low and medium speed engines that operate under sustained loads. 3.1 DESIRED QUALITIES OF DIESEL FUEL Keeping in mind the functioning of diesel engine that are few important and critical qualities that a liquid must have to serve as diesel fuel. They are: 3.2 STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF DIESEL FUEL Depending upon intention of use, diesel fuel is available in various grades. Diesel fuel is a mixture of different crude oil derived substances, all with their own physical and chemical properties, such as paraffins, isoparaffins, napthenes, olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons. Diesel fuel has to work in various kinds of engine types, having difference in conditions of operation and cycles of duty, and range of technology of fuel system, temperatures of engine and pressures of fuel system. It must suit a wide range of different climates. The balanced properties of each grade of diesel fuel are important to give good performance over an extremely various situation .The most common in use guidelines for diesel fuel are given by ASTM International. ASTM specifications are created after taking into consideration, based on the wide range of experience and cooperativeness of diesel fuels producer, diesel engines manufacturer and fuel systems (and users of both), and other important officials like state fuel quality regulators. 3.3 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF FUEL 3.4 DIFFERENT TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF ADDITIVES Diesel fuel properties are met and maintained by petroleum industry by taking the use of number of commercial diesel fuel additives. Fuel components and additives are different from each other. Firstly Fuel Components are hydrocarbon classes like aromatic, iso-paraffin and naphthene. They basically sum up the volume of the fuel. While Additives are added to fuel in at very less amounts, generally at the ppm level, and is of no significance fuel volume. There are different types of additives that are used to improve fuel in different ways and to overcome different problems. Following table give different types of additives and their functions. Table showing different types and function of additives. Type of Additive Function Cetane number improver Improves ignition quality by raising cetane number, better starts, reduces white smoke Lubricity improvers Improves lubricity, better injector pump lubrication Antioxidants Extend storage life, inhibit oxidation, reduce gum and precipitate formation Stabilizers Inhibit oxidation extend storage life Metal deactivators Deactivate copper compounds in fuel, thereby promoting longer storage life Pour point depressants Low temperature operability, improve cold flow properties Smoke suppressants Promote more complete combustion reduce exhaust smoke Rust preventers Reduce formation of rust in fuel systems storage tanks De-emulsifiers Used to increase the rate of water separation from the fuel CHAPTER 4 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Having very high oxidizing capability Hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) is one of the strongest reactive oxidizer that exists. Naturally, it is synthesized as the by-product of oxidative metabolism in nearly all-living organisms. It is mainly used as a propellant in rocketry, as bleach, as an antiseptic and as an oxidizer. It has IUPAC name of Di-hydrogen dioxide and is also known as Dioxidane. Molecular diagram of hydrogen peroxide 4.1 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF H2O2: 1. Hydrogen peroxide has a Molar mass of 34.0147 g/mol 2. It appears colorless in solution and otherwise has a very light blue color. 3. H2O2 has density of 1.463 g/cm3 4. Melting point of -.43 oc. and boiling point of 150.2 oc. 5. It has more viscosity than h2o. 6.It has calorific value of 2700 kJ/kg. 7. Has dipole moment of 2.13 debye and refractive index of 1.33 (same as that of water) 8. It has specific heat capacity of 1.267 J/kg (gas) and of 2.619 J/kg (liquid) 4.2 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AS AN ADDITIVE: One important reaction of hydrogen peroxide is its spontaneous exothermic decomposition into oxygen and water. The reactions is: 2 H2O2  ® 2 H2O + O2 It has: 1. Standard enthalpy of reaction of -98.4 kJ/mol 2. Gibbs free energy of -118.7 kJ/mol 3. Change of entropy of 71 J/mol Because of this property of hydrogen peroxide it is used as propellant in rocket. Here high-test peroxide (hydrogen peroxide with concentration of around 90%) is used. The H2O2 decomposes into steam and oxygen. According to me same concept can be applied to diesel engine as well. Where adding small amount of hydrogen peroxide to the diesel fuel can improve ignition of diesel fuel inside combustion chamber by providing additional oxygen and energy when it decomposes. And steam thus produced will easily move out along the exhaust gases. CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENT PERFORMED 5.1 OBJECTIVE: To conduct experiment using 4 stroke, 2 cylinder diesel engine to study the effects of addition of hydrogen peroxide to the diesel fuel. And compare the performance of three different sample fuel where the first one is 100% diesel, second is 95% diesel + 5% hydrogen peroxide and third is 90% diesel + 10% hydrogen peroxide. 5.2 AIM: To calculate following parameters for three fuel samples: Brake power (BP). Brake mean effective pressure (Pbm) Fuel consumed (Qf) Heat energy produced by fuel (Hf) Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) Brake thermal efficiency ( Ã‚ ¨bt) Air fuel ratio (A/F) 5.3 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP: Diesel engine has two cylinders and is four stroke, water-cooled engine. Dynamometer that is a rope brake type has been provided with loading sensors. Different rota-meters has been arranged to calculate flow of water to calorimeter of exhaust gas and to the engine jacket. Setup is equipped with temperature sensors, air tank and fuel tank for supply. Software has been programmed to collect data. It provides experiment performer to log-in data and store and print them. This software allows tabulation and comparison of data collected. Now lets discuss about the dynamometer mentioned above. It has brake drum, load cell, and arrangement of cooling down water. It is so coupled with the shat of the engine that load can be changed using rotation of wheel that increases the tension of the drum. Another important part of the setup is facility provided to measure the heat energy gone along with exhaust gases. Calorific measuring meter is equipped with jacket of the cooling water and shell that is in central with baffles. Water is made to flow against in indirect contact with gas that comes from exhaust and there is a rota-meter and valve to control the rate of flow of this water. So using heat can be measured that is going out as a waste with gases that comes from exhaust. There also is a provision made for getting p-v and p- Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ graphs. These works based on the sensors. Sensors that are stored in combustion chamber and aligned along the shaft that gives the output motion that has been produced by engine. These sensors provide the software the data of different pressure and angle of crank. And then we directly get graphs on the computer. But sadly these sensors have been damaged and cannot be used. So we are not able to get these graphs which are essential part of performance analysis. 5.4 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: First of all three different samples of fuels are made. Sample 1 is pure diesel. Sample 2 is 5% hydrogen peroxide and 95% diesel. Sample 3 is 10% hydrogen peroxide and 90% diesel. All the pre-checks of the engine are conducted such as SAE 20w40 oil is filled in the oil sump up to needed level using a stick that is made specially for this purpose, data cable is connecting unit of interfering with the computer, flow of water is set accordingly through rota-meters. Filling of the fuel sample in the fuel tank. Starting engine with the help of lever that is for decompressing. Lifting this lever while turning flywheel at high speed taking use of handle leads to smooth starting of engine. Run the engine for like say 2 min before any thing to be done because it needs time to stabilization. Now loading of the diesel engine is done with help of dynamometer. Here we will try and set four different loads for a sample of fuel. Firstly zero kg then eight kg after that 16 kg and finally 24 kg. Readings are noted down or you may say logged in the computer for every load and saved. After completion of the experiment for fuel 1 same procedure is followed for other two samples. After the readings and information of all samples are collected stop the engine only after reducing load on engine. Finally close the supply of water that is used for cooling and stop the fuel supply. 5.5 IMPORTANT SPECIFICATIONS OF ENGINE: 14 horse power engine Diameter of bore is 87.5 mm Length of stroke is 110 mm Length of arm acting on dynamometer is 0.165m Density of air is taken as 1.21 kg/m3 Gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s2 Surface area of piston is 6.01*10-3 m2 Volume swept by cylinder per second is .0165 m3/sec 5.6 FORMULAE USED: Please note formulae have been written after calculating all constant and known values as specific numerical constant so as to get clear picture of what and how different variables affect the values of performance indicators. And also that following set of formula apply for sample 1 only and similarly formulae for sample 2 and 3 were calculated separately. Brake-power (in kw): m is mass of load acting on dynamometer (kg) N is revolution per minute of shaft Break mean effective pressure (in N/m2): Fuel consumed by engine (in kg/s): X is volume of fuel consumed (in ml) T is time taken to consume X ml of fuel (in seconds) Air fuel ratio: Qa is flow rate of air intake by engine (in m3/s) Brake specific fuel consumption (in kg/kw-s): Heat supplied by fuel (in kw): Brake thermal efficiency (in %): Volumetric efficiency (in %): 5.8 ANALYSIS AND COMPARISION OF PERFORMANCE: GRAPH: LOAD VS BRAKE POWER From above graph we can say that all the 3 samples of fuel are able to give same brake power output. This helps us to confirm that 2 experimental fuel are able to provide same output as that provided by original fuel. GRAPH: LOAD VS BSFC From the graph we can observe that sample 2 has higher BSFC then other 2 samples at low loads. But as the load is increased sample 2 has slightly lower BSFC than other two samples. While sample 3 gives you lower BSFC at low loads and same BSFC as the sample 1 at higher loads. GRAPH: LOAD VS BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY From graph above, it is clearly visible that sample 2 and sample 3 provides higher efficiency than the original sample 1. And it is also important to note that there is not much vast difference between efficiency of sample 1 and sample 2 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION The experiment was performed on the 4-stroke, vertical, 2-cylinder diesel engine. It was maintained at constant rpm of 1498 and 50 ml of fuel was consumed at each load. Four load conditions were decided to perform experiment on 3 samples of fuel keeping in mind the capability of engine. The 4 conditions were 0, 8, 16, and 24 kg. The positives that we can take from the experiment performed are that we are able to produce same output result in terms of output power at output shaft though the heating value of sample fuel 2 and 3 are lower than that of sample 1. This is the reason we are able to show increase in brake thermal efficiency obtained by sample fuel 2 and 3 than that obtained by sample 1. But the most important conclusion that I think from the experiment is that there is slight decrease in BSFC of sample fuel 2 at high load. Due to limitation of experimental conditions we cannot check the result for load above 25 kg. I believe that this result has originated from the fact that hydrogen peroxide provides that additional oxygen and energy when it decomposes exothermically to give steam and oxygen. The thing that hampers the proposition of hydrogen peroxide as an additive for diesel fuel is its storage problem. A research is needed on the feasibility of storing hydrogen peroxide separately than the diesel in engine and spraying it through different injection system than that of diesel because there could be possibility when hydrogen peroxide in the fuel tank it may decompose itself without aid of compression temperature in combustion chamber in long-term storage. The cost factor also needed to be taken into account. The other few things that are kind of inconclusive and needs further research on them are how does steam produced by decomposition reaction affects the engine on long run and what amount of hydrogen peroxide is optimum for the engine.

The Purpose of Education Essay -- Education

What is the purpose of education? What do we seek from it? How does it better our lives? What is the role of public schools? These are all important questions, but first I am going to give a brief summary of the text by Timothy McMannon entitled The Public Purpose of Education and Schooling. McMannon gives the reader plenty of reasons for why we need education and how it helps us and our society; he starts by explaining that in past cultures schooling was not done in a formal school but in â€Å"the community, the family, and the church.† (McMannon 1) Some cultures even believed that education was something that took a lifetime. The essay then progresses into explaining how education has evolved through the centuries into what it is today and why it has become what it is. Everyone has their own take on what they believe education is and should be. Your parents could think of it as a day care facility until you get to high school and then they might think of it as a place to earn a degree and soon move out. Your grandparents might think of it as a place where you go to learn things that you aren’t going to need in life because they never did. Political leaders may think of it as an economical advantage over another country. The list goes on, but as a student, I believe that there are many purposes of education; it is more than one thing, but many things that combine into what education really is. One role of public schools is to promote the principles and standards of our society, which have been all but forgotten. Today we assume that school is a place where we go to learn history and mathematics, but it is much more than that. Schooling teaches us what our leaders are too busy to explain. McMannon explained in his essay how we ... ..., why would you continue with it? In part, â€Å"education must be practical.† (McMannon 8) Without practicality, there would be no point in receiving an education. Works Cited Fulghum, Robert. All I Really Needed to Know I Learned in Kindergarten. New York: Ballantine Books, 1986. Hudson, William E. and Robert H. Trudeau. "Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning." An Essay on the Institionalization of Service-Learning: The Genesis of the Feinstein Institute for Public Service 2.1 (1995): 150-158. McMannon, Timothy. "The Changing Purposes of Education and Schooling." McMannon, Timothy and John Goodlad. The Public Purpose of Education and Schooling. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997. Nussbaum, Martha. "Cultivating Imaginations: Literature and the Arts." Not For Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.

Speech of Introduction

The Speech of Introduction Name Class Time Introduction A. Acknowledge the Audience & Occasion: Good Morning foreign exchange students of Auburn University. I would like to welcome all of you to Auburn University first annual Foreign Exchange Student seminar B. Attention Getter: Our speaker for today Is smart, dedicated, and multi-talented young lady. C. Theses/Preview: It Is my pleasure to do the honor of Introducing all of you to SQL.I will inform you about her introspection on being a foreign exchange student, and her assign and interest for painting. Body (Establish Speaker's Credibility) A. Foreign Exchange: 1) Sin Is a part of the 1-2-1 program where she will be able to receive two degrees from each Troy University and Yuan Nan University In China. 2) Sin Is currently on her second year of college. 3) SQL enjoys being an International student, and her reasons for why are to vaults America and experience the extravagant American lifestyle. ) Sin also enjoys the traveling to and from America (All 20 hours of it) 5) Although there are many airdrops of being a foreign exchange student and English being her 2nd language, she loves the experience and suggests you make lots and lots of friends but most importantly to work hard and study hard. Transition: Now that I have examined Sin's insights on being a Foreign exchange student, I will now contemplate on her love for painting. B. 1) 2) Appalling SQL Is a very talented and dedicated painter In high school, she was an important member to the Art Club for 2 years 3) Show for Painting when she was a senior. ) She loved painting so much that she achieved a Job as a Painting teacher so that she could devote her time and passions into teaching children how to paint. Conclusion A. Cue/Review: In conclusion, now that I have given you insights on our speakers experiences and passion for painting B. Welcome Speaker/Topic: Please help me welcome Sin Sheen, who will offer her wisdom on being a foreign exchange student, with a round of applause. Delivery A. Eye contact B. Gestures C. Enthusiastically variety D. Time A. Acknowledge the Audience: Good Morning foreign exchange students of Troy University.B. Occasion: I would like to welcome all of you to Troy University first annual Foreign Exchange Student seminar C. Attention Getter: Our speaker for today is smart, dedicated, and multi-talented D. Thesis: It is my pleasure to do the honor of introducing all of you to Sin Sheen. Her passion and interest for painting. 1) Sin is a part of the 1-2-1 program where she will be able to receive two degrees from each Troy University and Yuan Nan University in China. 2) Sin enjoys being an foreign exchange student because of the American lifestyle and the traveling to and from America.All 20 hours of it) 3) Although there are many hardships of being a foreign exchange student and English being her 2nd language, she loves the experience and suggests you make lots and lots of friends but most importantly to work ha rd and study hard. 1) Sin is a very talented and dedicated painter. 2) she was an important member of her school's Art Club for 2 years 3) Her most substantial moment of being a painter was winning 1st prize in her schools Art Show. 4) She loved painting so much that she once devoted her time into teaching younger kids to paint.